Sri Guru Granth Sahib “A Model of Human Harmony and Global Peace”.

Dr. Jaspal Kaur Kaang

Abstract

Very well-known is the fact that the Bani complied in Sri Guru Granth Sahib is addressed to all the human beings and not to any one community or any one sect. The eternal message of Guru Granth Sahib is addressed to the welfare of all human beings above the boundaries of caste, colour, creed, culture and religion. It lies in loving, understanding, respecting and accepting the existence of others as well as prohibiting oneself from encroaching on freedom and rights of others. The life experience and the great works of the Gurus is indicative of the practicability of these ideas through which they dialogue with the ideologues of the other religions and made them realise that human unity and oneness can be achieved through tolerance, communication and respect for other’s existence. The fear of war or tension in the world is due to lack of communication and effective dialogue between the various communities. Bani’s message is a model of universal brotherhood and world peace which is revealed in its every couplet and illuminates the entire universe.

All the efforts to improve life of the human race have been industrial and commercial in nature and cater to material aspect of life. Little is being done to nourish the soul. Living by the glorious philosophies of Bani like Langar, Pangat, Sangat, Kirat (hard & honest earning), Sarbat da bhala, Dasvandh (charity), Vand Chakna (sharing) and truthful living is what can nourish the human soul and promote peaceful and harmonious co-existence, human unity and world peace.

In today’s era, we face threats and fears from interfaith conflicts military aggression, terrorism etc. Territorial possessions which have overpowered the human sentiments and the very presence of the ideas contrary to one’s beliefs is irksome. The teachings of Guru Granth Sahib are all the more relevant today to resolve all these problems. In this paper, I would like to focus my views through the lens of Religious Pluralism, tolerance and Multicultural Society.


Video of Presentation


 

Slide Presentation


Body of Paper

PRACTICABILITY OF HUMAN IDEALS OF GURU GRANTH SAHIB

FOR BRINGING STABILITY IN GLOBAL COMMUNITY

Dr. Jaspal Kaur Kaang

Professor and Academic-Incharge

Department of Guru Nanak Sikh Studies

Panjab University, Chandigarh, INDIA

Religion is closely linked to the conscious as well as the sub-conscious of a particular social group, religion gives expression to its transcendental and spiritual experiences and takes the shape of a social organization by providing the members of the group with a definite code of conduct and a life-style governed by strict discipline. On the one hand, religion lays bare the possibilities and ways of bringing human being in unity with God and, on the other, it promotes the feelings of fraternity and cooperation by advising a human being to adopt a humanistic approach while dealing with others, an approach which goes to form the foundation of the development of any social group. There are a number of religions in the world and many of these have their specific scriptures which contain the tenets to be adopted by the devotees and the scriptures also help in maintaining distinct entities of the respective religions. Guru Granth Sahib is the cherished scripture of the Sikhs as it contains the exclusive Sikh philosophy and religious code of conduct to be adopted by the followers of Sikh religion.

Guru Granth Sahib is such a creative work of Indian medieval age that enshrines, on the one hand, matchless elaboration of spirituality and, on the other, a powerful expression of the message of revolutionary ideals of social welfare, multicultural distinctness and eternal ethical code aimed at cultural reconstruction. It is widely accepted that Sikhism is related to the most modern philosophy and the concepts and doctrines expressed through Guru Granth Sahib contribute to the all round welfare of modern global community. Through its insights and dialogue the underlying meaning of Gurbani (verses included in Guru Granth Sahib) when combined with modern perception gives form to varied dimensions of inter-cultural exchange of views and process of human transformation thereby maintaining its timeless and multi-facetted relevance.

Global Village

The world-level culture based on the post-modern informative thought- process and human consciousness is described as universal or global village. Such a global village has come into being through development of modern communication techniques, revolution in means of transportation, emigration and need for economic co-existence at the international level. The process of globalization begins with the arrival of capitalistic system and it emerges as a highly developed economic system representing the modern market and consumer culture. In this culture, many forms of cultural, racial, religious, regional, linguistic limitations are in the process of decay. Modern human being is living in amulti-racial, multi-cultural, multi-religious, multilingual and multi-regional world. As a result, the world community is face to face with innumerable challenges and problems related to racial, regional, communal, gender and cultural identity. In view of these problems, it has become necessary to explore intra-faith dialogue, multi-religionism, creation of multi-cultural society and globally relevant ethical norms in this global village for establishing everlasting peace, harmony, balance and mutual understanding and, in this context, Guru Granth Sahib emerges as a unique text which presents a multi-layered and multi-dimensional assessment of the reality of human life.

Religious Tolerance and Role of Guru Granth Sahib

Guru Granth Sahib is an eminent creative work of the medieval Panjabi literary world and culture and it presents a revolutionary consciousness and humanitarian vision for the welfare of human society and whole of the mankind. The content of Guru Granth Sahib includes insights which are as much practical and relevant in the modern times at the inter-cultural and global level as these were in the Indian medieval era. It has become necessary to redefine the essence of religion for developing uniformity and harmony in the modern multi-cultural society. In this context, concepts of pluralism and inter-faith dialogue are playing a very active role and these cannot be functional in an effectively productive manner unless communal tolerance is established firmly. The communal tolerance as presented through Guru Granth Sahib has, basically, taken into account the fact that we should treat all the religions at par with one-another even though we do not agree to the distinctive tenets propagated through them. The communal tolerance of Gurbani aims at developing unity in diversity instead of giving a unified shape to diversity. In this way, the aim of religious tolerance is not to accept or adopt religious beliefs, doctrines and activities of others nor is it to assimilate these into one’s own religion. Its aim is only to give respect to the religious creeds and beliefs of others without distorting these in any manner so that an environment of peace and understanding is maintained in the society.

Guru Granth Sahib is a unique example in the context of religious tolerance. The marvelous process of creativity and editing of Guru Granth Sahib is based directly on religious tolerance.It comprises verses composed by 36 holy persons connected with varied provinces, states, regions, faiths, beliefs and sects. These holy persons include 6 Sikh Gurus, 15 Bhagats, 11 Bhatts and 4 devotees of the Gurus. Bhagats include Hindus as well as Mohammedans. Some of them belong to higher caste sections while some of them belong to lower caste groups but their compositions have been selected without any discrimination. We can see religious tolerance at its peak in Guru Granth Sahib because there is no consideration given to one’s religious faith or caste. Every caste has been treated with respect here, every religion enjoys an honorable status here so long it preaches virtuous deeds and noble practices. The compilation and creation of Guru Granth Sahib, therefore, plays the role of building up a harmonious society by removing the walls created by sectarianism. Such a spirit of tolerance is also visible in the case of language of the compositions. The varied diction used in the Granth springs from multiple sources. The verses included in Guru Granth Sahib preaches the message of

‘swihbmyrweykohY’

(I have but only one master, that is, God.)

or

‘sBmihjoiqjoiqhYsoie’

(There is but the same spirit emanating from the God and pervading all the human beings.)

and, thereby, tries to bring home the idea that we cannot afford to be intolerant towards God’s creation and His offspring i.e. the whole mankind because we all have only one master. When this belief takes roots in human mind all the conflicts would disappear. Guru Granth Sahib, in totality of its compositions, promotes the concept of ‘welfare of all’ and it can never attempt to humiliate any of the religions. Gurbani preaches the message of

‘srbDrmmihsRystDrm’

(The supreme religion among all.)

which leads to a situation of

‘nwkobYrInhIibgwnw’

(There is no and no enemy.)

No doubt, Gurbani does not teach partiality, discrimination or fault-finding; it rather gives the lesson of self-assessment and self-realization through self-study. In this way, the compilation, as a whole, treats the world as a closely related entity, craves for its welfare without any selfish motive and prays for grant of bounties and happiness for all:

(I beseech you oh, Almighty ! Be merciful and save the burning world; save it in whatever way it can be saved !)

The cosmic vision of Guru Granth Sahib exhorts the followers of all the religions of the world to rise above mutual differences and conflicts and provides them with a common pattern for the welfare of the whole mankind. Religious Pluralism is a concept of ‘global responsibility’ based on the mutual relation of respect for differences, tolerance for others’ views and healthy exchange of ideas.2

Religious Pluralism presented through Guru Granth Sahib

Religious pluralism recognizes all the religions of the world as authentic and pure. Every religion is authentic as it is capable of providing a human being with suitable guidance for attaining peace and happiness. Religions of the world describe the same ultimate truth in various ways and, therefore, are similar to a great extent in approach. In fact, every religion aims at reaching the ultimate truth under different circumstances and prepares norms for welfare of mankind. Religious pluralism is, therefore, a particular approach vis-à-vis religious traditions according to which no single religion is an exclusive expression of supreme or complete truth and every religion possesses the capacity of reaching only some selected truths and values. A truly religious person is the one who believes in religious pluralism and attaches similar importance to all the religions. The monopolistic feeling or any specific claim carried by any religious sect regarding the ultimate truth only leads to violence, hatred and tension. Religious pluralism is an effort to remove the conflicts among different religions and to bring them closer to one another through the elimination of their mutual differences. But, in the modern times, the scene of religion reflects the serious, rather, critical situation at the world level. Moving away from its genuine spiritual meanings, religion has fallen into clutches of violence and distrust. Human society at the world level is face to face with decadence in religious, social, economic, and political fields and, as was the case with the medieval period, terror created by hostility, hatred, caste-system, selfishness, regionalism and violence prevails everywhere. As such, the role of religion has become extremely challenging in the modern times. Religion may be a significant need of the human beings today but what is more important is recognizing the other religions treating them with due respect for each.

Guru Granth Sahib is such a creative work through which different layers of religious pluralism could be identified. From the point of view of place and time, Guru Granth Sahib is an historical document covering a period from 12th century CE to 17th century CE incorporating a variety of geographical regions, occupations, languages, communities, includes compositions of saints, Bhagats and Sufi Faqirs, besides the Sikh Gurus, all of whom, though connected with different beliefs, sects, provinces and doctrines are engaged in guiding the whole mankind. This is quite a genuine illustration of religious pluralism. Guru Nanak travelled through many parts of the world to preach and spread his religious message. His long-drawn journeys (each called an Udaasi) were, in reality, aimed at preaching religious pluralism. Every language has been given a respectful status in Guru Granth Sahib. In the modern times languages of the minority communities are shrinking, with some of them being at the verge of extinction. Guru Granth Sahib has been the first to maintain the distinctiveness of such languages by pulling them out of the dominance of the majority community languages. “The basis of the thought process of the authors of verses of Gurbani is focused on that metaphysical expanse of cosmic consciousness where feelings of disagreement and discrimination lose their significance.3 As such, this scripture emerges out as a common platform for unifying the whole mankind into one fraternity. The greatest contribution of Guru Granth Sahib lies in its aim of creating an ideal human being living in a peaceful society; it teaches the mankind, divided into sects by the religious fanaticism and narrow political approach, how to live in an atmosphere of mutual love and understanding.

Unitary Pluralism

The quintessence of Guru Granth Sahib presents the unity of Brahm (the Supreme Soul) and the cosmos. Here, the first form of pluralism appears as Unitary Pluralism. The Main features of Brahm(different from Hindu god Brahman) are described in the opening lines (called Mool Mantra) of ‘Japp’ composition:

<>siqnwmkrqwpurKinrBauinrvYrAkwlmUriqAjUnIsYBMgurpRswid]4

Guru Granth Sahib, as a whole represents the unity of God (Brahm), the Supreme Soul. These days multi-dimensional expanse of cultures, communities and ideologies is being recognised and it is an extension of <> only. The very foundation of Guru Granth Sahib is provided by the following couplet composed by BhagatKabir:

AvilAlhnUruaupwieAwkudriqkysBbMdy

eyknUrqysBujguaupijAwkaun Bly komMdy]5

Avval Allah noor upaaia kudrat key sab bandey

Eyk noor tey sab jag upjia kaun bhaley ko mandey.

(The Almighty created one spirit which pervades all the human

beings who form a part of His creation. So no one is better or worse as compared to the others.)

The concept of unity of the Brahm (the Supreme Soul) does not suggest ill-will against any one. The message of

‘sBnw kw mwipauAwpuhY’

(The Brahm is the mother as well as father of all.)

eliminates the feeling of discrimination completely. No religion stands ignored or neglected in Guru Granth Sahib. It gives due recognition to the utility and identity of each of the different religions. Gurbani does not reject any religion, it only presents arguments against the dress symbolizing a particular sect, cunningness and hypocritical practices on the part of followers and leaders of various sects.

Pluriform Pluralism

Guru Arjan who compiled the verses of the holy persons having faith in different religions had also referred to the existence of different religions and life-styles of the authors and such a propensity leads to expression of pluriform pluralism which is presented in many forms in Guru Granth Sahib:

koeIbolYrwmrwmkoeIKudwie]

koeIsyvYguseIAwkoeIAlwih]

kwrxkrnkrIm]

ikrpwDwirrhIm]

koeInwvYqIriQkoeIhjjwie]

koeIkrypUjwkoeIisrinvwie]

koeIpVybydkoeIkqyb]

koeI EFY nIlkoeIsupyd]

koeIkhYqurkukoeIkhYihMdU]

koeIbwCYiBsqukoeIsurigMd]

khunwnkijinhukmupCwqw]

pRBswihb kw iqinBydjwqw]6

Koi boley Raam-Raam koi khudaai.

Koi sevei gusayaan koi Allahi.

Koi karan kareem.

Kirpa dhaar raheem.

Koi naavei tirath koi hajj jaai.

Koi karey pooja koi sir nivaai.

Koi parhey beyd koi kateyb.

Koi odhey neel koi supeyd.

Koi kahei turak koi kahei hindu.

Koi baachhei koi surgind.

Kahu Nanak jin hukam pachhaata.

Prabh sahib ka tin bheyd jaata.

(There are innumerable ways devotees name their deities,

adopt their ways of worship, arrange their physical appearances

and designate their respective sects but there only one ultimate

reality needs to be recognized by one and all.)

Ethical Pluralism

Ethical pluralism is that form of religious pluralism which supports a universal ethical system. All the religions of the world preach some fundamental values many of which are common to them, for example, love, sweetness, humility, sympathy, service, welfare, respectfulness, austerity, renunciation, patience and forgiveness.   Gurbani aims at preaching human values among whole of the mankind through inculcation of virtues such as sweetness of words

iek iPkw n gwlwie sBnw mY scw DxI

Ik phikka nag alai sabhna mei sacha dhani

nwnkiPkwbolIAYqnumnuiPkw hoie

Nanak phikka boliei tan man phikka hoi

Humility

‘PrIdw QIau pvwhI dBu jy sweI loVih sBu

Farida theeo pavaahi dabh jey saai lorheh sabh

invxu su AKru Kvxu guxu ijhbw mxIAw mMq

Nivan su akkkhar khavan gun jihba manian mant

‘imTqunIvInwnkwguxcMigAweIAwqqu’

Mithatt neeveen Nanka gun changiayan tatt

Productive work

PrIdw ijnI kMmI nwih gux qy kMmVY ivswir

Farida jinni kami naahi gun tey kammrhey visaar

Forbearance

drvySW no loVIAY ruKW dI jIrWid

Darveyshan nu lorhiyey rukkhan di jeeraand

Tolerance

PrIdw bury dwBlwkirgusw mn n hMFwie

Farida burey da bhala kar gussa man n handaai etc.

‘Through such teachings of virtuous conduct, Guru Granth Sahib builds up a moral code which could serve as a solid and healthy foundation for bringing about excellence in individual and collective life of human beings”.7

Inter-faith Dialogue

In the modern times, increased number of terroristactivities and fundamentalist trend of religious intolerance have created an atmosphere of tension and confrontation among different religions. Although the international bodies such as the U. N. O. are engaged in making sincere efforts to deal with such a situation yet inter-faith dialogue has also become a necessity. Religious pluralism and inter-faith dialogue are,however, not the same. In fact, inter-faith dialogue is a model for religious pluralism. Paul Knitter’s view needs to be given deep thought that religious pluralism does not aim at making the different religions of the world to look similar. It is, rather, to create an approach of criticism of others and assessment of the self through positive and face-to-face dialogue for total development of human being and welfare of all. In fact, peace and harmony cannot be built up among various communities and nations until mutual understanding is not established among different religions and such an atmosphere of mutual understanding cannot be built up unless inter-faith dialogue is established. In the contemporary times, inter-faith dialogue has become a primary necessity at the international level and persistent efforts need to be made in this direction. We should encourage the process of interaction, tolerance, learning and teaching vis-à-vis faiths adopted by the others. Such a dialogue should be made possible which does not denigrade other religions as second rate religions, which does not try to encourage assimilation of religions into a particular religion and which only tries to encourage the tendency of appreciating the points of view held by the religions of the others. Guru Granth Sahib arranges inter-faith dialogue as an alternative to crusades in order to keep the whole of mankind united and tension-free. The approach of mutual interaction which is being preferred in the modern times was adopted by the Sikh Gurus centuries ago and they incorporated it in their compositions. Through the dictum

jb lgu dunIAw rhIAY nwnk ikCu suxIAY ikCu khIAY

Jab lag duniyan rahiyei nanak kichh suniyei kichh kahiyei

it preaches expression of the self before others and also lays stress on the need to lend the ear to what others have to say. This approach would remove the ignorance and will spread purposeful knowledge among the masses. Interaction at a common platform brings all the religions at par with one another and removes the fear of assimilation of one religion into any other one.

The beginning of inter-faith dialogue in Sikh philosophy takes pace with Guru Nanak. The aim of four voyages undertook by him on the international terrains was connected with knowledge of real form of religion. He visited different religious centres during his voyages and talked to the devotees on truth and purity. He also collected religious hymns from various places during the course of his journeys. ‘SidhGoshit’ composed by Guru Nanak is the example of authentic form of inter-faith dialogue between him and members of Yogi sect. An effort was made through to create awareness about the genuine religion enshrouded by the useless rituals, insignificant rites, religious symbols. BhagatKabir also spoke on the irrelevant unnatural practices adopted by the Yogi ascetics. Similarly, the Guru lays bare the futility of ritualistic practices adopted and preached by the members of Brahmin class of Hindus as well as Mohammedan devotees and religious leaders. Such a dialogue emerges as an inter-active cultural process leads to building up an exclusive life-style and it contribute significantly towards the growth of common Indian culture.

Gurbani, having faith in concepts such as

nwhmihMdU n muslmwn

No one is Hindu or Mohammedan and

sBysWJIvwlsdwiein

All belong to the same fraternity

extends from an individual to the whole of mankind. The contributors to the text of Guru Granth Sahib, devoted as they were to the service of humanity were committed to development of pure and truthful character. And they paid similar respect to all the religions of the world. Therefore, adoption of the model of inter-faith dialogue presented by Guru Granth Sahib can play a useful role in dealing with the challenges of the unsavoury situation created by religious fanaticism and intolerance at the world level.Guru Granth Sahib, representing affinity between unity and diversity, builds up multi-cultural society by laying the foundation of world community for the development of diverse cultures,classes, races and especially the minority groups.8

Multi-cultural Society

The cultural model presented in Guru Granth Sahib is not that of a fanatic religion of any particular community or caste group. In essence it belongs to the people from different provinces, communities and faiths, the people who are attuned to cosmic harmony. The ideals preached through Guru Granth Sahib appear as futuristic dialogue which does not admit any discrimination or animosity. The model of multi-cultural society as presented in Guru Granth Sahib is multi-dimensional based as it is on the welfare-of-all doctrine which extends the same respect to strangers as is extended to those who are closely related. Gurbani includes a number of couplets which express deep reverence for the people belonging to so-called lower castes, for example,

nIcw AMidr nIc jwiq nIcI hU Aiq nIc]

nwnk iqn kyY sMig swiQ vifAw isau ikAw rIs]

ijQY nIc smwlIAin iqQY ndir qyrI bKsIs] 9

Neecha andir neech jaat neechee hoo ati neech.

Nanak tin kei sang saath vaddian siu kia rees.

Jithei neech samalian tithei nadir teyri baksees.

(Nanak says that he is in tune with the lowest of the lowly,

heprefers their company in comparison to the highly placed

people because one earns the grace of the Almighty by giving

care to the under-privileged.)

The main message of Gurbani is to recognise the identity and dignity of each culture on equal basis and to contribute towards establishing the same in effective and meaningful manner. Gurbani discourages animosity, discrimination and violence and promotes communal tolerance, racial harmony and inter-cultural dialogue these being important ingredients of multi-cultural society. Guru Granth Sahib teaches us to recognise and respect the values cherished by the others. The following comment is particularly relevant here:

“The Gurus wanted to create a classless, casteless society,where each individual enjoyed freedom of expression;observance and adherence to religion, religious tolerance, and social equality where duties and rights wereaccorded equal importance. In such a multi-culture society,adherence to one’s religion and faith is no crime butdisrespect and intolerance to other religious faiths was certainly a sin.”10

Moral Values

The scientific explorations and technological development of the modern times have affected the moral values quite adversely. No doubt science, technology, communication techniques and means of transportation have brought in revolutionary changes in human living. The major impact of these is that of material progress and globalisation. The race for material gains has led to rise of individualism and selfishness. Human relations have lost their value and relevance as moral degradation has over-powered the human psyche. As a result, feelings of love, affection and sympathy for others are disappearing fast. Today, every institution or system connected with human welfare is exploring the ways and means for restoring the equilibrium in human life. It is here that Gurbani steps in to re-establish the balance amongst human beings through its message of decency and ethics. Gurbani imparts utmost importance to honest living and seva (service to others) especially through sharing one’s earnings and bounties with others.

GwilKwieikCuhQhudyie]

nwnkrwhupCwxihsyie]11

(Nanak says, earn by the sweat of your brow and share

your earnings with the needy. This is an ideal way of living.)

Gurbani aims at developing spiritually prosperous, mentally poised and morally sound human beings and, therefore, warns against evil actions through exhortations such as

min jIqYjgujIq’

(Having control over one’s mind is like having control over the whole world)

‘mnu mYdwn kir

Man meidaan kar

(One must erase one’s ego.)

bury dwBlwkr’

( One should be helpful even to an evil-doer.)

ihAwaU n kwhYTwih

( One should not injure anyone’s feelings.)

‘nwnkiPkwbolIAYqnmnuiP`kwhoie’

Nanak phikka boliei tan man phikka hoi

(Nanak says, if we speak rough we invite mental as well as physical ailments)

kwlyilKu n lyK

Kaaley likh na leykh

(We should neither inculcate nor express evil thoughts.)

Such pieces of advice contribute a lot towards developing sound moral character. The technique of making one’s conduct simple and straightforward through a disciplined mind is one of the distinct and special aspects of the teachings of Gurbani. Qualities of ignoring pitfalls on the part of others and being soft spoken and sweet in speech go a long way in forming the foundation of an ideal way of living. Utterances replete with sweetness and humility contribute in a big way towards building up a congenial and pleasant environment.

Gurbani rejects the habit of vilification and opposes the slanderers because such people badly pollute the social and cultural environment. Conveying the feelings of humility and courtesy,Gurbani clarifies that inculcation of virtue of humility eradicates one’s ego vanish completely. Once the barrier of ego is removed, feelings of hatred, backbiting, jealousy, slander and anger disappear automatically. No doubt, the model of morality presented through Gurbaniimparts the qualities of patience, contentment and continence to human beings and teaches them how to develop self-control and self-discipline which help in freeing oneself evil deeds. The principles of morality endow a human being with mental alertness and, building up awareness in human beings, equips them with qualities of firmness, boldness and resourcefulness for entering new and successful lives. ‘The moral code presented by Guru Granth Sahib is not a concept of western type. Instead, it forms a healthy ingredient of Indian philosophical tradition though it is not supplementary to it. It tends to recognize the significance of the spiritual as well as the practical aspects of ethical values’.12

Conclusion

Today, the whole of the world looks to have fallen prey to selfishness, disorder and tension-ridden atmosphere born out of mutual differences and conflicts and, being face to face with terror and barbarity, it seems to be standing on a pile of dynamite. It is, therefore, essential to disseminate and adopt the message of universal brotherhood given by Guru Granth Sahib. The practicability of the message of religious tolerance, awareness of religious pluralism and model of inter-faith dialogue, as contained in Guru Granth Sahib having the potential of establishing an international fraternity or multi-cultural system,would definitely stir up the human consciousness. Such an effort in the form of virtuous conduct can certainly unite the whole world as one family by strengthening human fraternity and mutual understanding and prove a medium for solution of world level problems. It would be quite relevant to quote Arnold Toynbee here

“Mankind’s religious future may be obscure, yet one thing can

be foreseen: the living higher religions are going to influence

each other more than ever before, in these days of increasingcommunication between all parts of the world and all branches

of human race. In this coming religious debate, the Sikh

Religion, and its scriptures, the AdiGranth, will have something

of special value to say to the rest of the world. This religion is

itself a monument of creative spiritual intercourse between two

traditional religions whose relations have otherwise not been

happy. This is a good augury”13

———- 0 ———-

 

REFERENCES

  1. Guru Granth Sahib853
  2. F. Knitter, Jesus and the other name: Christian Mission and Global

Responsibility,pp 26-39

  1. Jagbir Singh (Dr) BhartiVirsey da Pratik: Guru Granth Sahib, ‘Gurmat

Kav, SidhantteyVihar’,p. 81

  1. Guru Granth Sahib1
  2. Ibid, p.1349
  3. Ibid, p.885
  4. Sabar,Jasbir Singh (Dr), JasbirKaur (Dr) Sri Guru Granth Sahib da

SadacharShastar: Sri Guru Granth Sahib VibhinnParipeykh (ed.),

Publication Bureau, Panjabi University, Patiala, 2005,p.139

  1. Jagbir Singh (Dr), Guru Granth Sahib di SamkaleenPrasangikta,
  2. 96
  3. Guru Granth Sahibp.15
  4. Gurpreet Singh, Soul of Sikhism, Fusion Books, New Delhi 2005

p.26

  1. Guru Granth Sahibp.1245
  2. Sabar,Jasbir Singh (Dr), JasbirKaur (Dr) Sri Guru Granth Sahib da

SadacharShastar: Sri Guru Granth Sahib VibhinnParipeykh (ed.),

Publication Bureau, Panjabi University, Patiala, 2005,p.1128

  1. Arnold Toynbee (Prof.), Selections from Sacred Writings of the Sikhs,

‘Foreword’,pp.10-11


About the Author

Working in Panjab University, for the last 38 years, I have translated the universal wisdom and ethical values represented in the lives and works of Sikh Gurus into the interdisciplinary pedagogical modules for the dissemination of value education through Punjabi Language, literature and culture. Moreover, as an administrator (being the member of Senate, Chairperson, Dean, Member of Finance Board and Member of Academic Bodies of various Universities), I gave my best to promote Mother Languages and Indian culture as directed by UNESCO and contributed to the reconstruction and the restructuring the policies, programmes and pedagogic practices to nurture the idea of Indianism. My objective is to spread all over the world, the eternal values symbolized by our great Gurus, which are more relevant in today’s world.

 

2 Comments

  1. paramjeet kaur aulakh on September 1, 2017 at 4:31 am

    ਇਹ ਪੇਪਰ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੀ ਵਧੀਆ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ ਬਾਰੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੀ unique ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਪਰਾਪਤ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਅਜੋਕੇ ਦੌਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਲਈ ਬਹੁਤ ਹੀ ਲਾਹੇਵੰਦ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਆਪਣੀ ਜਿੰਦਗੀ ਜੀਅ ਕੇ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਖੁਸ਼ਹਾਲ ਬਣਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਦੇਣ ਲਈ ਕਾਂਗ ਮੈਡਮ ਦਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਬਹੁਤ ਧੰਨਵਾਦ ਜੀ।

  2. Ajeet Singh Mac on October 30, 2017 at 5:30 am

    The audio aspect of video recording is not good & needs attention of the organizers please.
    With kind regards

Leave a Reply Cancel Reply